Biography of Lewis Latimer, Noted Black Inventor

Biography of Lewis Latimer, Noted Black Inventor Lewis Latimer (September 4, 1848–December 11, 1928) is considered one of the most important African-American inventors, for the number of inventions he produced and patents he secured, but also for the importance of his best-known discovery: a longer-lasting filament for the electric light. He also helped Alexander Graham Bell obtain the patent for the first telephone. Latimer was in great demand for his expertise later in his career as electric light spread across the country. Fast Facts: Lewis Latimer Known For: Improved the electric lightAlso Known As: Louis LatimerBorn: September 4, 1848 in Chelsea, MassachusettsParents: Rebecca and George LatimerDied: December 11, 1928 in Flushing, Queens, New YorkPublished Works: Incandescent Electric Lighting: A Practical Description of the Edison SystemSpouse: Mary WilsonChildren: Emma Jeanette, Louise RebeccaNotable Quote: We create our future, by well improving present opportunities: however few and small they are. Early Life Lewis Latimer was born on September 4, 1848, in Chelsea, Massachusetts. He was the youngest of four children born to George Latimer, a paperhanger, and Rebecca Smith Latimer, both escaped slaves. His parents had fled from Virginia in 1842, hiding beneath the deck of a northbound ship, but his father was recognized in Boston, Massachusetts by a former employee of their owner. George Latimer was arrested as a fugitive and brought to trial, where he was defended by noted abolitionists Frederick Douglass and William Lloyd Garrison. Eventually, a group of abolitionists paid $400 for his freedom. George Latimer disappeared shortly after the Dred Scott decision of 1857, in which the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that Scott, a slave, couldnt sue for his freedom. Possibly fearing a return to slavery, Latimer went underground. It was a great hardship for the rest of the Latimer family. Early Career Lewis Latimer worked to help support his mother and siblings. Then, In 1864, at age 15, Latimer lied about his age in order to enlist in the U.S. Navy during the Civil War. Latimer was assigned to the gunboat USS Massasoit and received an honorable discharge on July 3, 1865. He returned to Boston, Massachusetts and took a position as an office boy with the patent law firm Crosby Gould. He taught himself mechanical drawing and drafting by observing draftsmen at the firm. Recognizing Latimers talent and promise, the partners promoted him to draftsman and, eventually, head draftsmen. During this time he married  Mary Wilson in November 1873. The couple had two daughters, Emma Jeanette and Louise Rebecca. The Telephone In 1874 while at the firm, Latimer co-invented an improvement to the bathroom compartment of trains. Two years later, he was sought out as a draftsman by an instructor of children who were hard of hearing; the man wanted drawings for a patent application on a device he had created. The instructor was Alexander Graham Bell, and the device was the telephone. Working late into the evenings, Latimer labored to complete the patent application. It was submitted on Feb. 14, 1876, just hours before another application was made for a similar device. With Latimers help, Bell won the patent rights to the telephone. Edisons Competitor In 1880, after relocating to Bridgeport, Connecticut, Latimer was hired as assistant manager and draftsman for the U.S. Electric Lighting Co., which was owned by Hiram Maxim. Maxim was the chief competitor of Thomas Edison, who had invented the electric light. Edison’s light consisted of a nearly airless glass bulb surrounding a carbon wire filament, typically made from bamboo, paper, or thread. When electricity ran through the filament, it became so hot that it literally glowed. Maxim hoped to improve on Edison’s light bulb by focusing on its main weakness: its brief life span, typically only a few days. Latimer set out to make a longer-lasting light bulb. He developed a way to encase the filament in a cardboard envelope that prevented the carbon from breaking up, giving the bulbs a much longer life while making them less expensive and more efficient. Latimer’s expertise had become well known, and he was sought after to continue to improve on incandescent lighting as well as arc lighting. As more major cities began wiring their roadways for electric lighting, Latimer was selected to lead several planning teams. He helped install the first electric plants in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; New York, New York; and Montreal, Quebec. He also oversaw the installation of lighting in railroad stations, government buildings, and major thoroughfares in Canada, New England, and London. Edison Latimer started working for Edison in 1884 and became involved in Edisons infringement lawsuits. He worked in the legal department of the Edison Electric Light Co. as the chief draftsman and patent specialist. He drafted sketches and documents related to Edison patents, looked over plants in search of patent infringements, carried out patent searches, and testified in court on Edison’s behalf. He never worked in any of Edisons labs, but he was the only black member of a group known as the Edison Pioneers, men who had worked closely with the inventor in his early years. Latimer also co-authored a book on electricity published in 1890 called Incandescent Electric Lighting: A Practical Description of the Edison System. Later Innovations In subsequent years, Latimer continued to display his innovative abilities. In 1894 he created a safety elevator, a vast improvement on existing elevators. Then he obtained a patent for â€Å"Locking Racks for Hats, Coats, and Umbrellas† that was used in restaurants, resorts, and office buildings. He also developed a method for making rooms more hygienic and climate-controlled, named an â€Å"Apparatus for Cooling and Disinfecting.† Latimer died on December 11, 1928, in the Flushing neighborhood of Queens, New York. His wife Mary had died four years earlier. Legacy Lewis Latimer rose from humble beginnings with little education to play a major role in the development of two products that had massive impacts on the lives of Americans: the light bulb and the telephone. The fact that he was a black American born in the 19th century made his many successes even more impressive. Sources Lewis Latimer. Greatblackheroes.com.Lewis Howard Latimer Biography. Biography.com.Lewis Latimer. Famousinventors.org.

Hot Potatos Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Hot Potatos - Essay Example The chief analyst raised three main issues in the company’s management. A brief summary is given below: He said that the company is facing a tough competition and the main issue is that the competitors are using advanced technology now available in the market. This advanced technology enables the other companies to increase their sales through immediate advertisements and through the technology and receiving instant feedback enabling them to take prompt measures to enhance product quality and policy making of their companies. This advanced technology also ensures production at a comparatively low cost which results in their ability to introduce their products at fairly low prices in the market. This comparatively reduces the sales of the company as customers are always attracted towards low prices for same products in the market. Secondly, the competitors have employed some extra labor skilled in proper use of the company’s software and websites. These are IT experts properly trained in making quick decisions to meet demand in software changes and also quick production of its products. The company needs to ensure that the company makes sufficient advancements in its software in order to cope with the demands requirements of the customers. It is always very important for a company to meet the orders placed by customers in time as it is quite obvious that sales orders if maintained poorly and not responded to properly will make the company lose existing customers looking as well as new customers attracted by the quality of our products (Anthony Tarantino, 2006, p. 248). After the chief analysts’ report, the CEO decided to take some measures to overcome the problems that may be faced by the company in the future. He assigned the CFO of the company to determine the total costs of introducing new technology to the production sector of the company as well as the costs to hire skilled labor in order to operate that machinery. The decision to

How To Write Paper Topics For Your Research Papers

How To Write Paper Topics For Your Research PapersCriminal justice research is a must to achieve more effective results in law enforcement, corrections, public safety and other government sectors. It is a complicated topic as you have to conduct research for all kinds of activities including military recruiting, legal issues, governance, public services, public policy issues, research papers, budget proposal, health policies, and other areas.To be successful in such research needs knowledge on how to perform and carry out proper researches. Research papers of different types are required as diverse subjects require different kinds of research papers. As a result, you may need to revise your research paper topics every now and then.Research paper topics are basically researched to understand why certain aspects are done the way they are, why certain laws are applied, and what is needed to make the society at large a better place. Research papers are also used to examine human behavior , ethical problems and human behaviors in the society. Research papers need to include each research method in depth.Research papers can be written by law experts or government officials. As a matter of fact, it is always advisable to conduct research by a number of experts if they can provide a right-ground for the desired conclusions. It is also a better idea to write a lot of research papers which focus on some specific and real research questions.It is important to write papers for military recruitment, medical research, how to stop crime, and other similar topics for which there is no adequate information on how to investigate the problem. To write such paper topics, you need to gather all kind of information, no matter it is on record, non-records, and information gathered from different sources. It is important to maintain the correct number of research papers for different subjects. A good strategy to guide you to write such papers is to work backwards from the right directi on to write the paper.Paper topics should cover most of the research methods you can use in the real world. It also should contain three sub-topics on how to carry out research. They are: purpose, knowledge, and objectives. In other words, first you need to understand the topic; next, you need to know how to carry out research using this topic; and finally, you need to get to the goal of your research by knowing the answer to your objectives. With proper knowledge of all these topics, you will easily find out what research topics need to be written and edited.These paper topics can be written by experts and civilians alike. For any research paper topic, it is important to understand its importance and the research method you will be using to collect information.

Corporate governance of Westpac Banking Corporation AUSTRALIA Essay

Corporate governance of Westpac Banking Corporation AUSTRALIA - Essay Example Corporate governance has become the buzz word and has accomplished in drawing a good deal of public interest because of its visible significance of corporations and society with respect to economic healthCorporate governance is a complex concept as it deals with many different economic happenings Looking at a broader perspective corporate governance can be regarded as a set of procedures, customs, guidelines, rules and regulations affecting the way a corporation is planned, directed, governed or controlled. It also includes the relationships among the stakeholders and the aims for which the corporation is managed. The main stakeholders involved are the shareholders, management and the board of directors. Along with employees, suppliers, customers, banks the environment and the community as a whole. As mentioned earlier corporate governance is a complicated and multi-dimensional subject. Corporate governance deals with issues of accountability and fiduciary duty, making sure all the guidelines and mechanisms are implemented for the safe guard of shareholders. Another focal point is to achieve optimize economic through corporate governance to emphasize on shareholders welfare.Westpac Banking Corporation was founded in Sydney, Australia, in 1817 as the Bank of New South Wales and merged with the Commercial Bank of Australia and changed its name to Westpac in 1982. Today, it is a leading provider of banking and financial services in Australia, New Zealand, and eight Pacific island nations. It is Australia's oldest bank and offers general banking services to retail, commercial, and institutional customers and provides investment management and insurance. Westpac has strived to reach the position today it has by focusing on such issues only establishing a strong relationship with the stakeholders. "Corporate governance is a field in economics that investigates how to secure/motivate efficient management of corporations by the use of incentive mechanisms, such as contracts, organizational designs and legislation. This is often limited to the question of improving financial performance, for example, how the corporate owners can secure/motivate that the corporate managers will deliver a competitive rate of return." [www.encycogov.com, Mathiesen [2002].] Companies are scored based on specific issues such as board composition, management remuneration, accounting treatment and transparency. [https://www.shareanalysis.com/asp/glossary.asp]. Westpac has always focused upon promoting corporate justice, precision and self-actualization. The corporate governance structure followed at Westpac specifies the proper allocation of rights and responsibilities of the board, managers, shareholders and other stakeholders and properly defines the rules and procedures for corporate decision making. Increased competition, stringent regulatory standards, and continuous change in customer wants and demands have put pressure on global banking companies like Westpac to develop creative and cost-effective business strategies. Some of the examples of how corporate governance is implemented at Westpac are as follows: (http://www.westpac.com.au/internet/publish.nsf/Content/WISEWP+Protection) SSL connection Internet Banking system uses a technology called Secure Sockets Layer (SSL). This creates a secure connection between the customer and the Westpac. This is a highly beneficial technology developed by Netscape, Microsoft and RSA Inc that is supported by most browsers. Encryption Westpac has employed precise security mechanisms to guarantee that the client's information and accounts are secured. The latest encryption technologies have been used to protect the data when being sent over the internet. Westpac Internet Banking uses certificates which generate security "keys" to verify the connectivity with Westpac banking. Every stakeholder has an account with all the details. As information sent between the browser and the Bank is encrypted, it makes it

The Battle Over Kean University College Essay Question and How to Win It

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Who Else Is Misleading Us About Research Paper Political Science Topics?

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Policy and Example Strategic Planning Essay Example for Free

Policy and Example Strategic Planning Essay Identify and describe what it is about strategic plans that make them difficult to implement. Support your argument with an example Strategic planning: matching organizational objectives and capabilities to the anticipated demands of the environment to produce a plan of action that will ensure achievement of objectives.( Denhardt Denhardt, 2010) What make strategic plans difficult is trying to plan make a decision that effects multiple people with different beliefs or issues. An example would be immigration reform the us is trying to reform the immigration rules and make a set of laws that effect multiple immigrants but not all immigrants have the same issues or back ground. Some immigrants or here do to no fault of their own, some are here on expired visas and others are just here straight out illegally. It hard to make law or a plan for those that are in this country due to no fault of their own. As the author notes, the effective communication of a policy analysis to policymakers is frequently difficult. Explain the sources of this difficulty, and describe at least three ways you might attempt to overcome it. Policy analysis: is the process of researching or analyzing public problems to provide policy makers with specific information about the range of available policy options and advantages and disadvantages of different approaches ( Denhardt Denhardt, 2010). The author pointed out in Denhardt Denhardt on page 203 is that the problem is only vaguely understood at the outset, and part of the analyst job to develop background statement or issue a paper that outlines the paper. On method of solving the problem would be to start a focus group or have a town hall meeting to discuss the issues or problems others have faced when it come to the issue you are researching. Two would be to conduct substantial research from various sources such as journals, books, news papers and so fourth, and third talk to people that or at the same agency level are you that could be helpful.